recovering ram?

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Author: coverturtle
Date:  
To: PLUG
Subject: recovering ram?
I ran lshw>hardware and it says that I have unclaimed RAM. How do I recover it?

Someone covered this before, remember? If you are running Windows with a 32bit OS,
then you can only access about 3.5 GB of RAM. Otherwise, I wouldn't worry too much.
If you have a lot of RAM or much more than you are using, then you will have unused
RAM of course.

c521
     description: Desktop Computer
     product: Dimension C521 ()
     vendor: Dell Inc
     serial: CZNZ7C1
     width: 64 bits
     capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32
     configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop uuid=44454C4C-5A00-104E-805A-C3C04F374331
   *-core
        description: Motherboard
        product: 0HY175
        vendor: Dell Inc
        physical id: 0
        version: A02
        serial: ..CN708216AHF1VA.
      *-firmware
           description: BIOS
           vendor: Dell Inc
           physical id: 1
           version: 1.1.2
           date: 11/08/2006
           size: 128KiB
           capacity: 448KiB
           capabilities: isa pci pnp apm upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb
      *-cpu
           description: CPU
           product: AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3200+
           vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
           physical id: 8
           bus info: cpu@0
           version: AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3200+
           slot: Socket M2
           size: 1GHz
           capacity: 3GHz
           width: 64 bits
           clock: 1GHz
           capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp x86-64 3dnowext 3dnow rep_good nopl extd_apicid pni cx16 lahf_lm svm extapic cr8_legacy cpufreq
         *-cache:0
              description: L1 cache
              physical id: e
              slot: Internal Cache
              size: 128KiB
              capacity: 128KiB
              capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
         *-cache:1
              description: L2 cache
              physical id: f
              slot: Internal Cache
              size: 512KiB
              capacity: 512KiB
              capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified
      *-memory:0
           description: System Memory
           physical id: 2c
           slot: System board or motherboard
           size: 4GiB
         *-bank:0
              description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
              product: CM2X1024-6400
              vendor: 7F7F9E0000000000
              physical id: 0
              serial: 00000000
              slot: DIMM_4
              size: 1GiB
              width: 64 bits
              clock: 800MHz (1.2ns)
         *-bank:1
              description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
              product: CM2X1024-6400
              vendor: 7F7F9E0000000000
              physical id: 1
              serial: 00000000
              slot: DIMM_3
              size: 1GiB
              width: 64 bits
              clock: 800MHz (1.2ns)
         *-bank:2
              description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
              product: KTC1G-UDIMM
              vendor: Kingston
              physical id: 2
              serial: A13C2794
              slot: DIMM_2
              size: 1GiB
              width: 64 bits
              clock: 800MHz (1.2ns)
         *-bank:3
              description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
              product: KTC1G-UDIMM
              vendor: Kingston
              physical id: 3
              serial: A23C8794
              slot: DIMM_1
              size: 1GiB
              width: 64 bits
              clock: 800MHz (1.2ns)
      *-memory:1 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Host Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           capabilities: ht bus_master cap_list
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:2 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Memory Controller 0
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.1
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.1
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:3 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Memory Controller 1
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.2
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.2
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:4 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Memory Controller 5
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.3
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.3
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:5 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Memory Controller 4
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.4
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.4
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           capabilities: bus_master
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:6 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Host Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.5
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.5
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           capabilities: bus_master cap_list
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:7 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Memory Controller 3
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.6
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.6
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           configuration: latency=0
      *-memory:8 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: C51 Memory Controller 2
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 0.7
           bus info: pci@0000:00:00.7
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           configuration: latency=0
      *-pci:0
           description: PCI bridge
           product: C51 PCI Express Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 100
           bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
           version: a1
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
           capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=pcieport
           resources: irq:40 ioport:a000(size=4096) memory:fd800000-fd8fffff ioport:fd700000(size=1048576)
      *-pci:1
           description: PCI bridge
           product: C51 PCI Express Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 3
           bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0
           version: a1
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
           capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=pcieport
           resources: irq:41 ioport:8000(size=4096) memory:fde00000-fdefffff ioport:fdd00000(size=1048576)
      *-pci:2
           description: PCI bridge
           product: C51 PCI Express Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 4
           bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0
           version: a1
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
           capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=pcieport
           resources: irq:42 ioport:b000(size=4096) memory:fdc00000-fdcfffff ioport:fd900000(size=1048576)
      *-display
           description: VGA compatible controller
           product: C51 [GeForce 6150 LE]
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 5
           bus info: pci@0000:00:05.0
           version: a2
           width: 64 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: pm msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
           configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
           resources: irq:43 memory:fc000000-fcffffff memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:fb000000-fbffffff memory:f4000000-f401ffff
      *-memory:9 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: MCP51 Host Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 9
           bus info: pci@0000:00:09.0
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           capabilities: ht bus_master cap_list
           configuration: latency=0
      *-isa
           description: ISA bridge
           product: MCP51 LPC Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: a
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.0
           version: a3
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: isa bus_master
           configuration: latency=0
      *-serial
           description: SMBus
           product: MCP51 SMBus
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: a.1
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.1
           version: a3
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: pm cap_list
           configuration: driver=nForce2_smbus latency=0
           resources: irq:10 ioport:1c00(size=64) ioport:1c40(size=64)
      *-memory:10 UNCLAIMED
           description: RAM memory
           product: MCP51 Memory Controller 0
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: a.2
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.2
           version: a3
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
           configuration: latency=0
      *-usb:0
           description: USB controller
           product: MCP51 USB Controller
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: b
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0b.0
           version: a3
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
           resources: irq:23 memory:fe02f000-fe02ffff
      *-usb:1
           description: USB controller
           product: MCP51 USB Controller
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: b.1
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0b.1
           version: a3
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: debug pm ehci bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
           resources: irq:22 memory:fe02e000-fe02e0ff
      *-ide:0
           description: IDE interface
           product: MCP51 Serial ATA Controller
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: e
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0e.0
           version: a1
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: ide pm msi ht bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=sata_nv latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
           resources: irq:21 ioport:9f0(size=8) ioport:bf0(size=4) ioport:970(size=8) ioport:b70(size=4) ioport:e000(size=16) memory:fe02d000-fe02dfff
      *-ide:1
           description: IDE interface
           product: MCP51 Serial ATA Controller
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: f
           bus info: pci@0000:00:0f.0
           version: a1
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: ide pm msi ht bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=sata_nv latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
           resources: irq:20 ioport:9e0(size=8) ioport:be0(size=4) ioport:960(size=8) ioport:b60(size=4) ioport:cc00(size=16) memory:fe02c000-fe02cfff
      *-pci:3
           description: PCI bridge
           product: MCP51 PCI Bridge
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 10
           bus info: pci@0000:00:10.0
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: pci ht subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list
           resources: ioport:9000(size=4096) memory:fdb00000-fdbfffff memory:fda00000-fdafffff
         *-network
              description: Ethernet interface
              product: BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX
              vendor: Broadcom Corporation
              physical id: 7
              bus info: pci@0000:04:07.0
              logical name: eth0
              version: 02
              serial: 00:18:8b:73:ab:fd
              size: 100Mbit/s
              capacity: 100Mbit/s
              width: 32 bits
              clock: 33MHz
              capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation
              configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=b44 driverversion=2.0 duplex=full ip=192.168.0.14 latency=64 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s
              resources: irq:19 memory:fdbfe000-fdbfffff
         *-communication UNCLAIMED
              description: Communication controller
              product: HSF 56k Data/Fax Modem
              vendor: Conexant Systems, Inc.
              physical id: 9
              bus info: pci@0000:04:09.0
              version: 00
              width: 32 bits
              clock: 33MHz
              capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
              configuration: latency=0
              resources: memory:fdbe0000-fdbeffff ioport:9c00(size=8)
      *-multimedia
           description: Audio device
           product: MCP51 High Definition Audio
           vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
           physical id: 10.1
           bus info: pci@0000:00:10.1
           version: a2
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 66MHz
           capabilities: pm msi ht bus_master cap_list
           configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 maxlatency=5 mingnt=2
           resources: irq:23 memory:fe024000-fe027fff
      *-pci:4
           description: Host bridge
           product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration
           vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
           physical id: 101
           bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0
           version: 00
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
      *-pci:5
           description: Host bridge
           product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map
           vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
           physical id: 102
           bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1
           version: 00
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
      *-pci:6
           description: Host bridge
           product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller
           vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
           physical id: 103
           bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2
           version: 00
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
      *-pci:7
           description: Host bridge
           product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control
           vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
           physical id: 104
           bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3
           version: 00
           width: 32 bits
           clock: 33MHz
           configuration: driver=k8temp
           resources: irq:0
      *-scsi:0
           physical id: 2
           logical name: scsi0
           capabilities: emulated
         *-disk
              description: ATA Disk
              product: ST3250820AS
              vendor: Seagate
              physical id: 0.0.0
              bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
              logical name: /dev/sda
              version:3.AD  <http://3.AD>
              serial: 5QE1XTR3
              size: 232GiB (250GB)
              capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
              configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=0007bc26
            *-volume:0
                 description: EXT4 volume
                 vendor: Linux
                 physical id: 1
                 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
                 logical name: /dev/sda1
                 logical name: /
                 version: 1.0
                 serial: ceb4c12d-28a7-4264-bd1d-c763f7d369d8
                 size: 8583MiB
                 capacity: 8583MiB
                 capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
                 configuration: created=2014-10-02 07:08:10 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-10-18 10:24:15 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2014-10-18 10:24:15 state=mounted
            *-volume:1
                 description: Extended partition
                 physical id: 2
                 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
                 logical name: /dev/sda2
                 size: 5718MiB
                 capacity: 5718MiB
                 capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
               *-logicalvolume
                    description: Linux swap / Solaris partition
                    physical id: 5
                    logical name: /dev/sda5
                    capacity: 5718MiB
                    capabilities: nofs
            *-volume:2
                 description: EXT4 volume
                 vendor: Linux
                 physical id: 3
                 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3
                 logical name: /dev/sda3
                 logical name: /home
                 version: 1.0
                 serial: 7ca483d5-70b1-4449-a2dd-99d5ce8601f1
                 size: 108GiB
                 capacity: 108GiB
                 capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
                 configuration: created=2014-10-02 07:08:06 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/home modified=2014-10-18 10:24:21 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,data=ordered mounted=2014-10-18 10:24:21 state=mounted
            *-volume:3
                 description: EXT4 volume
                 vendor: Linux
                 physical id: 4
                 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4
                 logical name: /dev/sda4
                 logical name: /testing
                 version: 1.0
                 serial: 742d0ebb-22dd-4af0-a9f7-8c47e8b6ed9b
                 size: 109GiB
                 capacity: 109GiB
                 capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
                 configuration: created=2014-10-02 07:08:00 filesystem=ext4 modified=2014-10-18 10:24:16 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,data=ordered mounted=2014-10-18 10:24:16 state=mounted
      *-scsi:1
           physical id: 6
           logical name: scsi1
           capabilities: emulated
         *-cdrom
              description: DVD reader
              product: CDRWDVD TS-H493A
              vendor: TSSTcorp
              physical id: 0.0.0
              bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
              logical name: /dev/cdrom
              logical name: /dev/sr0
              version: D200
              capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd
              configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
      *-scsi:2
           physical id: 7
           bus info: usb@1:1
           logical name: scsi4
           capabilities: emulated scsi-host
           configuration: driver=usb-storage
         *-disk:0
              description: SCSI Disk
              product: USB   HS-CF Card
              vendor: TEAC
              physical id: 0.0.0
              bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
              logical name: /dev/sdb
              version: 4.00
              capabilities: removable
              configuration: sectorsize=512
            *-medium
                 physical id: 0
                 logical name: /dev/sdb
         *-disk:1
              description: SCSI Disk
              product: USB   HS-xD/SM
              vendor: TEAC
              physical id: 0.0.1
              bus info: scsi@4:0.0.1
              logical name: /dev/sdc
              version: 4.00
              capabilities: removable
              configuration: sectorsize=512
            *-medium
                 physical id: 0
                 logical name: /dev/sdc
         *-disk:2
              description: SCSI Disk
              product: USB   HS-MS Card
              vendor: TEAC
              physical id: 0.0.2
              bus info: scsi@4:0.0.2
              logical name: /dev/sdd
              version: 4.00
              serial: 3
              capabilities: removable
              configuration: sectorsize=512
            *-medium
                 physical id: 0
                 logical name: /dev/sdd
         *-disk:3
              description: SCSI Disk
              product: USB   HS-SD Card
              vendor: TEAC
              physical id: 0.0.3
              bus info: scsi@4:0.0.3
              logical name: /dev/sde
              version: 4.00
              capabilities: removable
              configuration: sectorsize=512
            *-medium
                 physical id: 0
                 logical name: /dev/sde


:-)~MIKE~(-:
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