No subject


Thu Jun 14 11:07:46 MST 2007 

"Hey, Grampa, tell us the story about 80 column punch cards, and why a
good rubber band was your best friend. You mean you couldn't just talk=20
to the computer?"

"Well, Sonny, columns 1-5 were for your numeric labels. A 'C' in column
6 meant it was a continuation from the previous line, and your code went
in columns 7-72. Columns 73-80 were your card sequence number and it was

optional. Nobody liked to put numbers there because if we moved a block
of code, we would have to resequence the cards. Screw that - just make
sure you had a good rubber band, and another one as a backup in case the

first one broke. Gives you a whole new meaning of data backup, huh."

"Grampa, what was the deal with column 1 on the printer?"

"Oh, yeah. Put a 1 in column 1 and the printer won't advance. Print=20
about 10 lines with this:
1=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
and all of the print wheels on the line printer would line up and the
strikers would synchronize and go WHOMP WHOMP WHOMP and shake the whole=20
computer center. Heh, heh, heh. The computer operators would jump out of
their skin - they definitely knew when I ran a job."

"Grampa, what's a line printer?"



George Toft, CISSP, MSIS=20
623-203-1760




Mark Jarvis wrote:
> (repost using email address I signed up with)
>
> In 1960 (+ or - a year) I took a programming class at ASU where we
used
> the LGP-30.  It had a 1000 (1024?) word drum and each word was 32
bits.=20
> The drum was the main memory--there was no other storage.  It had
> 16--yes 16!--instructions with paper tape input and typewriter output
> and it had a one or two inch oscilloscope where you could watch the=20
> instructions execute.  Part of each instruction was the address of the
> next instruction to be executed.  Too few today have the assembly
> language background to appreciate the oddities of  the machine, but it

> had some doozies.  Five years later I had graduated and was working at
> Motorola Semiconductor on McDowell and transferred into the computer
> section of the QC department.  We had a GE 205 computer with 8192 20
bit=20
> words of memory.  If I remember correctly, a single word memory access
> took 36 microseconds.  When sorting 30 row, 12 column table using the
> Shell sort algorithm, the console lights made a several second long=20
> pattern that was quite easy to spot.  BTW, the 205 was the entry level
> knockoff of the GE215 box.  Since the 215 had a memory cycle time of
18
> microseconds, GE added a bunch of circuit boards to steal every other=20
> clock cycle to make the machine slower so they could lease it for
less.
> Go figure!
>
> Yes, for lots of years I used decks of cards for both programs and
> data.  If you had any sense, you sequenced your cards in col 73-80 so=20
> that when (not if--when) the deck was dropped, a few passes through
the
> sorter would fix things--and you initially sequenced by 10s or 20s to
> allow for later additions.
>
> While I wouldn't take anything for the experiences of those years, I=20
> wouldn't go back to them for anything either.
>
> Mark Jarvis
>
> Jim wrote:
>
>
>>Lynn Newton wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>>But I'm sure there are a number of subscribers to this list=20
>>>who can one-up me with "I remember when" stories, by margins
>>>of several years at least.
>>>
>>>
>>
>>I don't know if this would be in the one up category, but I remember=20
>>being a high school freshman in 1981 and spending time after school in
>>the math teacher's room messing around with his TRS80 with a whopping
>>4KB RAM and running programs stored on cassette tape.=20
>>
>>
>>
>
>
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> To subscribe, unsubscribe, or to change your mail settings:
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>
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To subscribe, unsubscribe, or to change your mail settings:=20
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--=20
powerofprimes at gmail.com
Carlos Macedo Gomes
_sic itur ad astra_

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<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">Personal</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">opinion</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">George</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> was</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> far too</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">br</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">u</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">tish</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> overly</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> simplistic for the reality that is software =
development.&nbsp; Indeed I would</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">wounded</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> if he ever managed a single</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">wind</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> spread development =
project.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><BR>
<BR>
George's Laws on Programming<BR>
<BR>
1. There is no such thing as a programming bug. A bug was the moth that =
Grace Hopper pulled out of her vacuum tube computer. What programmers =
like to call bugs are defects - defects in workmanship - defects in =
quality.<BR>
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">&nbsp;&nbsp; - Words change, it may not =
be</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">pleasant</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> to think of it but it is true.&nbsp; I =
rem</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">em</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">ber when</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">Intel&#8217;s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">&#8220;pretty&#8221;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> them song end =
with</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">pretty</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">witty</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">, and gay not bright, because at the time, and for a =
short few hundred years prior, gay</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">meant</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> happy and care free, not homosexual.&nbsp; Words =
change, meanings change, the world changes, and I too</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">feel</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> we should =
teach</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">popper</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">English</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">grammar</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> and eliminate</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">colloquialisms</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> when</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">possible</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">.&nbsp; =
However,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">once =
a word has been added or changed in</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">Webster&#8217;s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> and the OED, it =
is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">almost</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> certainly</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080"> a lost battle.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">Language</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> is a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">collection</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> of sounds</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> or symbols</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> that</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">facilitate</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">communication</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> through =
common</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">meaning</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080">&nbsp; If 99.99</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">% of the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">people</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080"> you</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">need to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080">talk to call this a bug, it is a =
bug.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><BR>
2. There are two types of defects: Design and Implementation.<BR>
a. Design defects are a direct reflection on the Software Architect's =
inability to properly design a robust program, or to interpret Business =
Requirements. </SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Perhaps</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">someone&#8217;s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> inability, but you must =
understand</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">at least =
two things, 1) Software Architects</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">don&#8217;t</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> dictate the robustness of a program, they only =
implement it.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">obustness =
often costs and is not</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">required</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">.&nbsp; =
If my market for a product is for a small</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">English</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">only =
group, is a defect that is was not designed to be</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">easily</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> translated to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">French</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">?&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">If it did not meet the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">original</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> design and testing</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">specifications</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> then it would never get out to the =
public.&nbsp; Should you say that nothing is a defect simply because it =
was not planed for, or should plan for everything and never release a =
program?&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">You make =
the assumption people know</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">their</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">business</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">requirements</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> and understand how to implement them using =
rigid logic.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">emember</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">software</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> design =
is a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">business</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">, if you =
do as asked you get paid, even if it is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">ridiculous</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">.&nbsp; It is not the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">software</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> designers job to fully understand =
the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">business</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> process,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> just like it is not</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">an</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">architects</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">business</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">to =
understand</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">why you =
want a specif</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">ic design =
element.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">f you =
decide you want a house that looks like a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">giant</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">piece</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> of =
steaming</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">animal</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">waste</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">the it =
is the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">architects</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> =
job</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">to bring your dream to life, =
just as you asked for it.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">HE may point out that it looks like crap, and =
that certain things like</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">solar</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> gain and =
water drainage can be more</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> efficiently</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> handled by other</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">designs</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">, but if the client says that they want crap, =
that is what they will get,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">with</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">no absolution.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><BR>
b. Implemetation defects are a direct reflection on the developer's =
inability to either do what he/she is told, or his/her inability to ask =
questions about requirements they do not understand.</SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Again, you make the assumption =
that the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">people</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> they are =
asking questions to know the answers.&nbsp; Or that they even know the =
questions to ask.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">If you =
design an</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">application</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> and you ask</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8220;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">hey are</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">there</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> any</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">government</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> or agency regulations I need to know =
about?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&#8221;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> and get =
a no,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">well</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">it is not</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">their</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> job to look any further.&nbsp; If it was then =
they would be an industry</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">lawyer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> not a =
software designer.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">All =
parties involved should do what they can to know all points and =
facilitate understanding, however you must also understand where your =
time is best spent and what the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">scope of your work is.&nbsp; If =
the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">people</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> who want the software say,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8220;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">I don</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8217;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">t know, could you find out?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8221;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> then the software developer should get a quote =
from an</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">industry</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">lawyer =
and pass it up, but the hundreds of hours used to do the research your =
self would bring</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">incomplete</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> results =
and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">waste</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> your</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">budget</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><BR>
<BR>
3. When software defects kill people, the Software Engineering industry =
will have no choice but to become a credible engineering discipline like =
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and architecture with =
the accompanying reviews and professional certifications. </SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">That is like saying every =
person who hangs dry wall needs to be a licensed =
civil</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">engineer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">.&nbsp; =
The people who need to be are, and the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">people</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> who are not are not.&nbsp; But it is =
the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">responsibility</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> of the buyer to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">understand</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">that =
they</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> can not higher an unlicensed =
general contractor to</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">designee =
and build</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> =
a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> commercial</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">high =
rise</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Nor</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> should you pay a professor =
in</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">fluid</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> dynamics to unclog your</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">toilet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">here =
is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> not one =
stander</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">because</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">there =
is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> not one kind of =
software.&nbsp; The world is complex, get over it.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp; Do I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">believe</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> the that</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">society</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> for</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">professional</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">engineers</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> will one =
day license software</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">engineers</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&#8230;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">Maybe</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">, but =
more</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">likely</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> they =
would license computer engin</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">ers who =
would then</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">specialize</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">And that =
is a ways off, right now</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">there =
are</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> a number =
of</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">engineering</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">disciplines</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> that are</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">purely</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> state regulated, such as Fire =
Protection.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">Really</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">, much =
outside</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Civil, Electrical, =
Mechanical, Chemical,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">Industrial</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">Environmental</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">, and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Aerospace</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">don&#8217;t</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> bank on seeing it any time =
soon.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">This</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">sort =
of</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> reminds me of one of =
my</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">engineering</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> professors</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">though</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">; the first day of class he looked =
out</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">across</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">the room =
and said</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&#8220;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">I am =
sure</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">many</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> of you think you will get an</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8216;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&#8217;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> in my =
class.&nbsp; What is an A?&nbsp; 90%?&nbsp; If you strive =
and</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">achieve</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> a 90% you should get an</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8216;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&#8217;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> right? =
Wrong your</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">engineers</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">! If you =
get it 90%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">correct</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> 10% of =
all the planes fall out of the sky at any given time and you =
are</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">responsible</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> for the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">deaths</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> of</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">hundreds</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> of thousands of people!</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&nbsp; Your playing with peoples lives now, you =
need to be 100%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">correct</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">at all =
times to even pass my class!&nbsp; (Indecently I think with the curve =
an</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8216;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">&#8217;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> was 65% =
or better ;)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Of course =
my</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">static&#8217;s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> professor</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">&#8217;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">s favorite</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">exercise</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> was giving you a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">bridge</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> design and seeing who could cut the most =
material out and keep it standing.&nbsp; The</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">goal</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> was</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">usually</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> 10% cost savings or better without =
total</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> =
<FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">collapse</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"> per =
the</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">recommended</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" =
SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"> <FONT COLOR=3D"#000080" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">design =
factors. :)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><BR>
<BR>
ymmv,<BR>
C.G.</SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us">On 7/1/07,<B> George Toft</B> =
&lt;</SPAN><A HREF=3D"mailto:george at georgetoft.com"><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><U><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#0000FF">george at georgetoft.com</FONT></U></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></A><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us">&gt; wrote:</SPAN></P>

<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN><A =
HREF=3D"http://georgetoft.com/georgeslaw.shtml"><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-us"><U><FONT =
COLOR=3D"#0000FF">http://georgetoft.com/georgeslaw.shtml</FONT></U></SPAN=
><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"></SPAN></A><SPAN LANG=3D"en-us"><BR>

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