Newbie firewall/masqarade/proxy confusion

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Author: alandd@interwrx.comalanddinterwrx.com
Date:  
Subject: Newbie firewall/masqarade/proxy confusion
I confess to being a MS user for, low, many years. I am now
coming into the Linux light! It is making computer exciting
again.

I am scheduled to get DSL with a static IP in a week or
two. As a first Linux learning experience, I have setup an
old 100MHz 486 PC, 32MB RAM, 1.5GB hard disk space, 2 16-bit
Intel network cards, VGA, mouse, blah, blah... with RedHat
6.2. X still does not work but that is not important now.
My intention is to have this little PC be a firewall for my
other computers to share the DSL connection.

My confusion is this: I am finding in my readings that what
I thought was a firewall maybe something more. I am still
trying to understand the differences between the terms
firewall, masqarading, routing and proxy server. Maybe the
confusion is from the fact that configuring TCP/IP is still
a new thing to me along with Linux.

What I want to make is my Linux box providing a single
\"presence\" to the internet while the workstations \"behind\"
the Linux box can surf and do email without being \"visible\"
to the internet. What combination of
firewall/masqarade/proxy stuff do I need?

Remember, I am a newbie, be kind.

Alan