Hello, I can't figure out from the books why this does not produce a hash element: $addresses{$lineref->[0]} = ($#cmdNode >= 0 ? $#cmdNode : 0); perl -e '$lineref->[0] = "00401000"; $addresses{"$lineref->[0]"} = (defined @cmdNode ? $#cmdNode : 0); print $#{keys %addresses};' Thanks for any help! --rod