First check if your kernel got updated - it may not have picked up/remained in sync with the options from your previous kernel. If so, try booting the old one. Life still upside-down? that was the easy path..
Your update left you with a video driver that can no longer find a GPU - Gnome3 requires accelerated video, the fallback looks like Gnome2. The video and mixed-up keyboard(s) leads me to think you are going to have to clean out your borked* /etc/X11/xorg.conf & friends. I would put what you have aside and try a clean regeneration of your X - once you get it restored to the way you like, back it up ;)
*your upgrade may have saved your original xorg.conf - look for that too
unless debian does this differently too, Hans?
Going forward, keep in mind that tools like apt & yum support typical configurations - once you setup a complex configuration, you also need to be able to recreate it after upgrades (which tend to restore the conventional)
good luck