Joe,
Brian's suggestions are right on: (showing you how to boot other [installation] media [CD/DVD or pendrive] and then chroot [change root] into your current system.
Now the assumption that if you can boot into LiveCD/DVD, (installlation media) this is not a hardware error, is incorrect.
You are running on the CD/DVD media - not your hard drive(s).
I can't read your photos from your phone? Anyone else ab
Determine your network status:
/etc/init.d/network status
ifconfig -a
ifup eth0 (if you are using eth0)
Easiest is to use
/etc/init.d/network restart
follow with
# dmesg
You will see a message indicating status of your network start.
# tail /var/log/messages
To see additional information in the logs.
If you google the exact error message(s) (from your phone photos) [send these errors to us also - I am sure other's can read them either, or they would have responded with a good course of action or suggestions].
Once you get your documents resurrected, you can just upgrade it or rebuild?
Also, Joe, refer to the Linux Mint forums?
You might also be able to use a USB drive to get your data/files?
Joe, packaging the problem via email (like we are doing here) is especially good to organize your thinking, and most easily determine the clear plan of action. It also provides a historic reference for other Nix-ians with similar issues. The listserver support model is by far and away the most effective trainer for development of analytical thought used in Linux use/administration,
You can also call me (phone numbers below) and discuss, although I am sure if you follow Brian Cluff's suggestions, he will have you up and running ASAP!